Study Guides

Social Studies

SOL 2.3 – Communities Notes 

Terms to know

  • ·      Community: A place where people live, work, and play
  • ·      Population: The number of people living in a community 
  • ·      Transportation: A way of moving people and things from one place to another

 The way people live today is different from the way people lived long ago.

 New inventions have led to changes in buildings, jobs, transportation, and populations of communities over time.

2.12 Understand that the people of   Virginiaa)have state and local government   officials who are elected by votersb)have diverse ethnic origins,   customs, and traditions, who make contributions to their communities, and who   are united as Americans by common principles
How are state and local government officials elected? Voters in Virginia elect officials to make decisions for them in the   state and local governments.
How do people of diverse ethnic origins, customs, and traditions,   participate and contribute to their communities in the United States? People contribute to their community by practicing the responsibilities   of good citizens.
How are people of different ethnic origins and customs united as   Americans? While people in our communities have different ethnic and cultural   origins, they are united as Americans by common principle and traditions.
2.5 Develop map skills bya) locating the equator, 7 continents, and the 5 oceans on maps and   globesb) locating selected rivers (James, Mississippi, Rio Grande, Huang He,   Nile) mountain ranges (Appalachian and Rocky), and lakes (Great Lakes) in the   United States and other countries.
What is the equator? The equator is an imaginary line around the middle of the Earth.
What is a continent? A continent is a large body of land on the Earth.
Where is the James River? The James River is in Virginia.
Where is the Mississippi River? The Mississippi River runs through the central part of the United   States, from north to south.
Where is the Rio Grande? The Rio Grande is in Texas.
Where is the Huang He River? The Huang He is in China.
Where is the Nile River? The Nile River is in Egypt.
Where are the Appalachian Mountains? The Appalachian Mountains are in the eastern part of the United   States.
Where are the Rocky Mountains? The Rocky Mountains are in the western part of the United States.
Where are the Great Lakes? The Great Lakes are in the northeastern part of the United States.
Name the continents. North America, South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, Antarctica,   and Europe
How many oceans of the world are there? There are five oceans.
Name the five oceans of the world. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern

 

2.6 Demonstrate map skills by   constructing simple maps, using titles, map legend, and compass rose
What is included when making a map? Maps include the following: title, map legend, compass rose.
What is a map title? The name or kind of map.
What is a map legend? A map legend is a list of shapes and symbols used on a map and an   explanation of what each stands for.
What is a compass rose? A compass rose is a symbol that shows direction (north, east, south,   and west) on a map.

 

SOL   2.1 Explain the influence of the contributions of ancient China and Egypt on   the present world (architecture, inventions, calendar, written language)
What   contributions did the people of ancient China make to the development of   written language? The   ancient Chinese created a written language of characters and symbols.
What   contributions did the people of ancient Egypt make to the development of   written language? The   ancient Egyptians created a written language called hieroglyphics.

 
What   inventions came from ancient China?

 

 Kite,   silk, cloth, compass, bronze, fireworks

 
What   inventions came from ancient Egypt?

 

 Paper   made from papyrus, 365-day calendar, clock

 
What   example of architecture from ancient China is still present today? The   Great Wall
   
What   does ancient mean?

 

 

 Ancient   means long, long ago.
What   is architecture?

 

 

 Architecture   is the design of buildings.
What   is a contribution?

 

 

 A   contribution is the act of giving or doing something.
What   can we say about many inventions of ancient China and Egypt?

 

 Many   inventions of ancient China and Egypt are still used today.

2.2 Compare the lives and   contributions of 3 American Indians cultures of the past and present with   emphasis on the Powhatan, Lakota, and Pueblo
In what ways were past American Indians lifestyles in Virginia   similar to and different from those of the Lakota and Pueblo Indians? Alike: Occupations – the Powhatans ,Lakota, and Sioux were hunters;   the Powhatans and Pueblo were farmers; transportation – the Powhatans,   Lakota, and Pueblo walked.

Different: lived in different regions; different homes: Powhatan   (wood frame houses with bark/reed covering), Lakota (teepees), Pueblo   (multi-story buildings made of adobe); occupations: Powhatan (fisherman,   farmers), Lakota (horsemen); transportation: Powhatan (paddled canoes),   Lakota (used horses)
What are regions? Regions are places that have common (the same) characteristics.
What is culture? Culture is the beliefs, customs, and ways of life of a group of   people.
What is environment? Environment is the surroundings.
Which American Indian group lived in the Eastern Woodlands? Powhatan
Which American Indian group lived on the Plains? Lakota
Which American Indian group lived in the southwest? Pueblo
What were Powhatan homes made of? Wood frame houses with bark/reed covering
What type of home did the Lakota live in? Teepee
What type of home did the Pueblo Indians live in? Multi-story terraced buildings made of adobe.
What were the occupations of the Eastern Woodlands (Powhatan)   Indians? Fishermen, hunters, farmers
What were the occupations of the Plains (Lakota) Indians? Hunters, horsemen
What was the occupation of the Pueblo Indians? Farmers, hunters
What type of transportation did the Powhatan Indians use? Walked or paddled canoes
What type of transportation did the Lakota Indians use? Walked and/or used horses
What type of transportation did the Pueblo Indians use? Walked
What are some contributions of American Indians culture to   present-day life? Contributions of American Indians include:

v  Arts   (pottery, weaving, carving)

v  Knowledge   of the environment

v  Respect   for nature

v  Farming   corn and tobacco
How are American Indians of the past different from those of today? Change in American Indian culture include:

v  American   Indian cultures have changed over time

v  Today,   American Indians live and work in Virginia and the United States

2.3 Identify and compare changes in   community life over time (buildings, jobs, transportation, population)
How and why have communities changed over time? New inventions have led to changes in buildings, jobs, and   transportation, and populations of communities over time.
What is a community? A community is a place where people live, work, and play.
What is a population? Population is the number of people living in a community.
What is transportation? Transportation is a way of moving people and things from one place to   another.
What can we say about how people live today compared to how they   lived long ago? The way people live today is different from the way people lived long   ago.
What has led to changes in buildings, jobs, and transportation of   communities over time? New inventions

2.11 Identify George Washington,   Abraham Lincoln, Susan B. Anthony, Helen Keller, Jackie Robinson, and Martin   Luther King, Jr. as Americans whose contributions improved the lives of other   Americans
How did George Washington help to improve the lives of other   Americans? George Washington led the fight for freedom from England and helped   establish a new country.
How did Abraham Lincoln help to improve the lives of other Americans? Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States who helped   free African American slaves.
How did Susan B. Anthony help to improve the lives of other Americans? Susan B. Anthony led the struggle to give women equal rights,   including the right to vote.
How did Helen Keller help to improve the lives of other Americans? Helen Keller overcame disabilities and worked to help others who were   blind and deaf.
How did Jackie Robinson help to improve the lives of other Americans? Jackie Robinson was the first African American player in the major   leagues of baseball.  His actions   helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans.
How did Martin Luther King, Jr. help to improve the lives of other   Americans? Martin Luther King, Jr. was an African American minister who worked   so that all people would be treated fairly.    He led peaceful marches and gave speeches.
2.12 Understand that the people of   Virginia

a)have state and local government   officials who are elected by voters

b)have diverse ethnic origins,   customs, and traditions, who make contributions to their communities, and who   are united as Americans by common principles

  
How are state and local government officials elected? Voters in Virginia elect officials to make decisions for them in the   state and local governments.  
How do people of diverse ethnic origins, customs, and traditions,   participate and contribute to their communities in the United States? People contribute to their community by practicing the   responsibilities of good citizens.  
How are people of different ethnic origins and customs united as   Americans? While people in our communities have different ethnic and cultural   origins, they are united as Americans by common principle and traditions.  

 

2.4 Develop map skills by

a) locate the United States, China,   and Egypt

b) understand the relationship   between the environment and culture of ancient China and Egypt

c) locate the regions of the   Powhatan, Lakota, and Pueblo Indians

d) understand the relationship   between the environment and the culture of the Powhatan, Lakota, and Pueblo   Indians
Where is the United States located on a world map? North America
Where is China located on a world map? Asia
Where is Egypt located on a world map? Africa
Where is the region of the Powhatan Indians located on a United   States map? The Eastern Woodlands region
Where is the region of the Lakota Indians located on a United States   map? The Plains region
Where is the region of the Pueblo Indians located on a United States   map? The Southwest region
What is climate? Climate is the kind of weather an area has over a long period of   time.
What is land? Land is the shape of the land’s surface.
What is environment? Environment is surroundings.
What is the climate of China like? Seasons
What is the climate of Egypt like? Hot, dry
What is the climate of the Eastern Woodlands? Mild winters;  hot humid   summers
What is the climate of the Plains? Hot summers; harsh, cold winters
What is the climate of the southwest? Hot days, cold nights, little rainfall
Describe the land of China. Forests, hills, mountains, and deserts
Describe the land of Egypt. Nile River Valley, deserts, and flooding
Describe the land of the Eastern Woodlands. Rivers, hills, mountains, and coastland
Describe the land of the Plains. Plains, prairies, and rolling hills
Describe the land of the Southwest. High flatlands
How did the ancient Chinese relate to their environment? The ancient Chinese settled along the Huang He.  They fished, farmed, and irrigated the   land.
How did the ancient Egyptians relate to their environment? The ancient Egyptians farmed and irrigated the land near the Nile   River.
How did the Powhatans relate to their environment? The Powhatan farmed, fished, hunted, used trees for home and canoes,   and gathered plants for food.
How did the Lakota Indians relate to their environment? The Lakota moved around the region to hunt for buffalo.  They later used horses for transportation.
How did the Pueblo Indians relate to their environment? The Pueblo people farmed the land.    They lived in villages in adobe (clay) houses.

 

 

 

 

2.5 Develop map skills by

a) locating the equator, 7 continents, and the 5 oceans on maps and   globes

b) locating selected rivers (James, Mississippi, Rio Grande, Huang He,   Nile) mountain ranges (Appalachian and Rocky), and lakes (Great Lakes) in the   United States and other countries.
What is the equator? The equator is an imaginary line around the middle of the Earth.
What is a continent? A continent is a large body of land on the Earth.
Where is the James River? The James River is in Virginia.
Where is the Mississippi River? The Mississippi River runs through the central part of the United   States, from north to south.
Where is the Rio Grande? The Rio Grande is in Texas.
Where is the Huang He River? The Huang He is in China.
Where is the Nile River? The Nile River is in Egypt.
Where are the Appalachian Mountains? The Appalachian Mountains are in the eastern part of the United   States.
Where are the Rocky Mountains? The Rocky Mountains are in the western part of the United States.
Where are the Great Lakes? The Great Lakes are in the northeastern part of the United States.
Name the continents. North America, South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, Antarctica,   and Europe
How many oceans of the world are there? There are five oceans.
Name the five oceans of the world. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern

 

2.6 Demonstrate map skills by   constructing simple maps, using titles, map legend, and compass rose
What is included when making a map? Maps include the following: title, map legend, compass rose.
What is a map title? The name or kind of map.
What is a map legend? A map legend is a list of shapes and symbols used on a map and an   explanation of what each stands for.
What is a compass rose? A compass rose is a symbol that shows direction (north, east, south,   and west) on a map.

 

2.10 Explain the responsibilities of a   good citizen
What are some responsibilities of a good citizen? Responsibilities of a good citizen include:

v  Respecting   and protecting the rights and property of others

v  Taking   part in the voting process when making classroom decisions

v  Describing   actions that can improve the school and community

v  Demonstrating   self-discipline and self-reliance

v  Practicing   honesty and trustworthiness

 

2.7 Describe the natural resources   (water, soil, wood, and coal), human resources, and capital resources
What are natural, human, and capital resources? Natural, human, and capital resources are the three main types of   resources.
What are natural resources? Natural resources are materials that come directly from nature   (water, soil, wood, coal).
What are human resources? Human resources are people working to produce goods and services,   (farmers, miners, builders, painters).
What are capital resources? Capital resources are goods made by people and used to produce other   goods and services (hammers, computers, trucks, lawn mowers, factory   buildings).

 

2.8 Distinguish between the use of   barter and the use of money in exchange for goods and services
What is the difference between using barter and using money in   exchange for goods and services? Barter is the exchange of goods and services without the use of   money.

Money includes coins, paper bills, and checks used in exchange for   goods and services.

 

2.9 Explain that scarcity (limited   resources) requires people to make choices about producing and consuming   goods and services
What is scarcity? Scarcity is not being able to meet all wants at the same time because   resources are limited.
What is a consumer? A consumer is a person who uses goods and services.
What is a producer? A producer is a person who uses resources to make goods and/or   provide services.
Why do people have to make economic choices? People must make economic choices because resources and goods and   services are scarce (limited).
2.2 Compare the lives and   contributions of 3 American Indians cultures of the past and present with   emphasis on the Powhatan, Lakota, and Pueblo
In what ways were past American Indians lifestyles in Virginia   similar to and different from those of the Lakota and Pueblo Indians? Alike: Occupations – the Powhatans ,Lakota, and Sioux were hunters;   the Powhatans and Pueblo were farmers; transportation – the Powhatans,   Lakota, and Pueblo walked.Different: lived in different regions; different homes: Powhatan   (wood frame houses with bark/reed covering), Lakota (teepees), Pueblo   (multi-story buildings made of adobe); occupations: Powhatan (fisherman,   farmers), Lakota (horsemen); transportation: Powhatan (paddled canoes),   Lakota (used horses)
What are regions? Regions are places that have common (the same) characteristics.
What is culture? Culture is the beliefs, customs, and ways of life of a group of   people.
What is environment? Environment is the surroundings.
Which American Indian group lived in the Eastern Woodlands? Powhatan
Which American Indian group lived on the Plains? Lakota
Which American Indian group lived in the southwest? Pueblo
What were Powhatan homes made of? Wood frame houses with bark/reed covering
What type of home did the Lakota live in? Teepee
What type of home did the Pueblo Indians live in? Multi-story terraced buildings made of adobe.
What were the occupations of the Eastern Woodlands (Powhatan)   Indians? Fishermen, hunters, farmers
What were the occupations of the Plains (Lakota) Indians? Hunters, horsemen
What was the occupation of the Pueblo Indians? Farmers, hunters
What type of transportation did the Powhatan Indians use? Walked or paddled canoes
What type of transportation did the Lakota Indians use? Walked and/or used horses
What type of transportation did the Pueblo Indians use? Walked
What are some contributions of American Indians culture to   present-day life? Contributions of American Indians include:v  Arts   (pottery, weaving, carving)v  Knowledge   of the environmentv  Respect   for nature

v  Farming   corn and tobacco
How are American Indians of the past different from those of today? Change in American Indian culture include:v  American   Indian cultures have changed over timev  Today,   American Indians live and work in Virginia and the United States

Describe the natural resources   (water, soil, wood, and coal), human resources, and capital resources
What are natural, human, and capital resources? Natural, human, and capital resources are the three main types of resources.
What are natural resources? Natural resources are materials that come directly from nature   (water, soil, wood, coal).
What are human resources? Human resources are people working to produce goods and services,   (farmers, miners, builders, painters).
What are capital resources? Capital resources are goods made by people and used to produce other   goods and services (hammers, computers, trucks, lawn mowers, factory   buildings).

 

2.12 Understand that the people of   Virginiaa)have state and local government   officials who are elected by votersb)have diverse ethnic origins,   customs, and traditions, who make contributions to their communities, and who   are united as Americans by common principles
How are state and local government officials elected? Voters in Virginia elect officials to make decisions for them in the   state and local governments.
How do people of diverse ethnic origins, customs, and traditions,   participate and contribute to their communities in the United States? People contribute to their community by practicing the responsibilities   of good citizens.
How are people of different ethnic origins and customs united as   Americans? While people in our communities have different ethnic and cultural   origins, they are united as Americans by common principle and traditions.
What is the difference between using barter and using money in   exchange for goods and services? Barter is the exchange of goods and services without the use of   money.Money includes coins, paper bills, and checks used in exchange for   goods and services. 

 

 

2.2 Compare the lives and contributions of 3 American Indians cultures of the past and present with emphasis on the Powhatan, Lakota, and Pueblo
In what ways were past American Indians lifestyles in Virginia similar to and different from those of the Lakota and Pueblo Indians? Alike: Occupations – the Powhatans ,Lakota, and Sioux were hunters; the Powhatans and Pueblo were farmers; transportation – the Powhatans, Lakota, and Pueblo walked.Different: lived in different regions; different homes: Powhatan (wood frame houses with bark/reed covering), Lakota (teepees), Pueblo (multi-story buildings made of adobe); occupations: Powhatan (fisherman, farmers), Lakota (horsemen); transportation: Powhatan (paddled canoes), Lakota (used horses)
What are regions? Regions are places that have common (the same) characteristics.
What is culture? Culture is the beliefs, customs, and ways of life of a group of people.
What is environment? Environment is the surroundings.
Which American Indian group lived in the Eastern Woodlands? Powhatan
Which American Indian group lived on the Plains? Lakota
Which American Indian group lived in the southwest? Pueblo
What were Powhatan homes made of? Wood frame houses with bark/reed covering
What type of home did the Lakota live in? Teepee
What type of home did the Pueblo Indians live in? Multi-story terraced buildings made of adobe.
What were the occupations of the Eastern Woodlands (Powhatan) Indians? Fishermen, hunters, farmers
What were the occupations of the Plains (Lakota) Indians? Hunters, horsemen
What was the occupation of the Pueblo Indians? Farmers, hunters
What type of transportation did the Powhatan Indians use? Walked or paddled canoes
What type of transportation did the Lakota Indians use? Walked and/or used horses
What type of transportation did the Pueblo Indians use? Walked
What are some contributions of American Indians culture to present-day life? Contributions of American Indians include:v Arts (pottery, weaving, carving)v Knowledge of the environmentv Respect for nature

v Farming corn and tobacco
How are American Indians of the past different from those of today? Change in American Indian culture include:v American Indian cultures have changed over timev Today, American Indians live and work in Virginia and the United States
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