1. About how much of the Earth’s surface is covered with water?
2. What is the bottom of the ocean floor covered with?
- Sediments
(sand, mud and rocks)
3. What are five important features of the ocean floor?
• Continental Shelf
• Continental slope
• Continental rise
• Trench
• Abyssal Plain
4. Describe the Continental Shelf.
• Is relatively shallow
• Is home to most of the ocean life (including plants and animal).
• It begins at the shoreline and gently slopes underwater.
5. Describe the continental slope.
- It begins at the edge of the continental shelf and gradually deepens.
6. Describe the continental rise.
- A gently sloping area that connects the slope to the bottom of the ocean.
7. Describe the trench.
- It is the deepest part of the ocean.
8. Describe the abyssal plain.
- The flat area of the ocean floor.
9. What are the 3 motions of the ocean?
• Waves
• Tides
• Currents.
10. What is a wave?
- It is the up and down movement of water caused by wind.
11. What are tides?
- They are the rise and fall of the ocean water.
There are 2 lows and 2 highs in a 24 hour period.
12. Describe a current.
• Caused by wind patterns
• Moves in a circular motion
• Flows like a river through the ocean
• Differences in water density (temperature and salinity)
13. What is the Gulf Stream?
- It is a warm current that is located off the east coast of North America.
14. Explain what happens as the depth of the ocean increases.
• The pressure increases,
• The amount of light decreases.
• The temperature decreases.
• These factors affect plant and animal life.
15. What is salinity?
- A measurement that describes the saltiness of the ocean.
16. Why does salinity vary in different parts of the ocean?
• Rate of evaporation
• Amount of runoff water from the land
17. What is phytoplankton?
• Microscopic organisms that carry out most of the photosynthesis on Earth.
• They provide much of the Earth’s oxygen
• They are the base of the ocean food web
18. What is the difference between phytoplankton and zooplankton?
- Phytoplankton is plant –like, and zooplankton is animal – like.
19. State 3 factors that can affect where an organism lives.
• Depth
• Salinity
• Temperature